rfc9706v3.txt   rfc9706.txt 
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) L. Giuliano Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) L. Giuliano
Request for Comments: 9706 Juniper Networks Request for Comments: 9706 Juniper Networks
Category: Informational C. Lenart Category: Informational C. Lenart
ISSN: 2070-1721 Verizon ISSN: 2070-1721 Verizon
R. Adam R. Adam
GEANT GEANT
December 2024 January 2025
TreeDN: Tree-Based Content Delivery Network (CDN) for Live Streaming to TreeDN: Tree-Based Content Delivery Network (CDN) for Live Streaming to
Mass Audiences Mass Audiences
Abstract Abstract
As Internet audience sizes for high-interest live events reach As Internet audience sizes for high-interest live events reach
unprecedented levels and bitrates climb to support 4K /8K / Augmented unprecedented levels and bitrates climb to support formats and
Reality (AR), live streaming can place a unique type of stress upon applications such as 4K, 8K, and Augmented Reality (AR), live
network resources. TreeDN is a tree-based Content Delivery Network streaming can place a unique type of stress upon network resources.
(CDN) architecture designed to address the distinctive scaling TreeDN is a tree-based Content Delivery Network (CDN) architecture
challenges of live streaming to mass audiences. TreeDN enables designed to address the distinctive scaling challenges of live
operators to offer Replication-as-a-Service (RaaS) at a fraction of streaming to mass audiences. TreeDN enables operators to offer
the cost of traditional, unicast-based CDNs -- in some cases, there Replication-as-a-Service (RaaS) at a fraction of the cost of
is no additional cost to the infrastructure. In addition to traditional, unicast-based CDNs -- in some cases, at no additional
efficiently utilizing network resources to deliver existing multi- cost to the infrastructure. In addition to efficiently utilizing
destination traffic, this architecture also enables new types of network resources to deliver existing multi-destination traffic, this
content and use cases that previously were not possible or architecture also enables new types of content and use cases that
economically viable using traditional CDN approaches. Finally, previously were not possible or economically viable using traditional
TreeDN is a decentralized architecture and a democratizing technology CDN approaches. Finally, TreeDN is a decentralized architecture and
that makes content distribution more accessible to more people by a democratizing technology that makes content distribution more
dramatically reducing the costs of replication. accessible to more people by dramatically reducing the costs of
replication.
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes. published for informational purposes.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents
approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841. Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9706. https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9706.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the
Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described
skipping to change at line 94 skipping to change at line 95
14. References 14. References
14.1. Normative References 14.1. Normative References
14.2. Informative References 14.2. Informative References
Appendix A. Netverses Appendix A. Netverses
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
As Internet audience sizes for high-interest live events reach As Internet audience sizes for high-interest live events reach
unprecedented levels and bitrates climb to support 4K / 8K / unprecedented levels and bitrates climb to support formats and
Augmented Reality (AR), live streaming can place a unique type of applications such as 4K, 8K, and Augmented Reality (AR), live
stress upon network resources. TreeDN is a tree-based Content streaming can place a unique type of stress upon network resources.
Delivery Network (CDN) architecture designed to address the TreeDN is a tree-based Content Delivery Network (CDN) architecture
distinctive scaling challenges of live streaming to mass audiences. designed to address the distinctive scaling challenges of live
TreeDN enables operators to offer Replication-as-a-Service (RaaS) at streaming to mass audiences. TreeDN enables operators to offer
a fraction of the cost of traditional, unicast-based CDNs; in some Replication-as-a-Service (RaaS) at a fraction of the cost of
cases, there is no additional cost to the infrastructure. In traditional, unicast-based CDNs -- in some cases, at no additional
addition to efficiently utilizing network resources to deliver cost to the infrastructure. In addition to efficiently utilizing
existing multi-destination traffic, this architecture also enables network resources to deliver existing multi-destination traffic, this
new types of content and use cases that previously were not possible architecture also enables new types of content and use cases that
or economically viable using traditional CDN approaches. Finally, previously were not possible or economically viable using traditional
TreeDN is a decentralized architecture and a democratizing technology CDN approaches. Finally, TreeDN is a decentralized architecture and
that makes content distribution more accessible to more people by a democratizing technology that makes content distribution more
dramatically reducing the costs of replication. accessible to more people by dramatically reducing the costs of
replication.
2. Requirements Language 2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here. capitals, as shown here.
3. Problem Statement 3. Problem Statement
skipping to change at line 632 skipping to change at line 634
[EUMETSAT-TERRESTRIAL] [EUMETSAT-TERRESTRIAL]
Espanyol, O., "EUMETSAT Terrestrial Service", IETF 110 Espanyol, O., "EUMETSAT Terrestrial Service", IETF 110
Proceedings, February 2021, Proceedings, February 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/110/materials/ <https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/110/materials/
slides-110-mboned-eumetsat-multicast-over-the-mbone-00>. slides-110-mboned-eumetsat-multicast-over-the-mbone-00>.
[GKM-IKEv2] [GKM-IKEv2]
Smyslov, V. and B. Weis, "Group Key Management using Smyslov, V. and B. Weis, "Group Key Management using
IKEv2", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf- IKEv2", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
ipsecme-g-ikev2-18, 11 December 2024, ipsecme-g-ikev2-19, 28 December 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-ipsecme- <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-ipsecme-
g-ikev2-18>. g-ikev2-19>.
[MAUD] Nilsson, M. E., Turnbull, R. S., Stevens, T. S., and S. [MAUD] Nilsson, M. E., Turnbull, R. S., Stevens, T. S., and S.
Appleby, "Multicast-Assisted Unicast Delivery", IBC2023 Appleby, "Multicast-Assisted Unicast Delivery", IBC2023
Tech Papers, September 2023, <https://www.ibc.org/ Tech Papers, September 2023, <https://www.ibc.org/
technical-papers/ibc2023-tech-papers-multicast-assisted- technical-papers/ibc2023-tech-papers-multicast-assisted-
unicast-delivery/10235.article>. unicast-delivery/10235.article>.
[Multicast-Menu] [Multicast-Menu]
"Multicast Menu", <https://menu.treedn.net>. "Multicast Menu", <https://menu.treedn.net>.
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